{"id":7526,"date":"2026-07-25T13:37:22","date_gmt":"2026-07-25T10:37:22","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.icl-international.ru\/caucasica\/?page_id=7526"},"modified":"2026-10-12T12:56:24","modified_gmt":"2026-10-12T09:56:24","slug":"%d0%bf%d1%88%d0%b0%d0%b4%d0%b0","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/www.icl-international.ru\/caucasica\/?page_id=7526","title":{"rendered":"\u041f\u0448\u0430\u0434\u0430"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

\u0412\u0438\u0434\u0435\u043e <\/a>\u041f\u0428\u0410\u0414\u0410: \u041e\u0412\u0415\u042f\u041d\u041d\u0410\u042f \u041b\u0415\u0413\u0415\u041d\u0414\u0410\u041c\u0418<\/a><\/h2>\n\n\n\n
\"\"<\/a><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

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\u0410\u0412\u0422\u041e\u0420\u042b<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0412\u0435\u0434\u0443\u0449\u0438\u0439 – \u0421\u0430\u0432\u0432\u0430 \u0422\u0443\u0442\u044b\u043d\u0438\u043d, \u0443\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0438\u043a \u0448\u043a\u043e\u043b\u044b \u0410\u0439\u0441\u0438\u044d\u043b\u044c<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u041a\u0440\u0430\u0432\u0435\u0434\u044b \u0438 \u0443\u0447\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044f: \u041e\u043b\u044c\u0433\u0430 \u041b\u044c\u0432\u043e\u0432\u043d\u0430 \u0421\u0432\u0435\u0442\u043b\u043e\u0432\u0430, \u043a\u0440\u0430\u0435\u0432\u0435\u0434 , \u0440\u0443\u043a\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0434\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c \u0448\u043a\u043e\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043c\u0443\u0437\u0435\u044f \u0441. \u0410\u0440\u0445\u0438\u043f\u043e-\u041e\u0441\u0438\u043f\u043e\u0432\u043a\u0430 \u0448\u043a\u043e\u043b\u044b \u2116 16.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u041a\u0440\u0430\u0435\u0432\u0435\u0434 \u0411\u0430\u043a\u0430\u043b\u043e\u0432\u0430 \u0421\u0432\u0435\u0442\u043b\u0430\u043d\u0430 \u0410\u043d\u0430\u0442\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0435\u0432\u043d\u0430, \u0443\u0447\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c \u0448\u043a\u043e\u043b\u044b \u2116 12, \u043a\u0440\u0430\u0435\u0432\u0435\u0434 \u0438 \u0440\u0443\u043a\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0434\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c \u0448\u043a\u043e\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043c\u0443\u0437\u0435\u044f \u0441. \u0414\u0438\u0432\u043d\u043e\u043c\u043e\u0440\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0435<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u041a\u0440\u0430\u0435\u0432\u0435\u0434 \u0428\u0430\u043c\u0430\u043a\u0438\u043d\u0430 \u0410\u043d\u0433\u0435\u043b\u0438\u043d\u0430 \u041f\u0435\u0442\u0440\u043e\u0432\u043d\u0430, \u0440\u0443\u043a\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0434\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c \u0448\u043a\u043e\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043c\u0443\u0437\u0435\u044f \u0441. \u041f\u0448\u0430\u0434\u044b, \u0448\u043a\u043e\u043b\u0430 \u2116 20<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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\u041a\u0441\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0414\u0430\u043d\u0438\u043b\u044c\u044f\u043d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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\u042e\u043b\u0438\u044f \u0422\u0443\u0433\u0430\u043d\u043e\u0432\u0430<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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\u041f\u0430\u043e\u043b\u043e \u041c\u0438\u0437\u0435\u0440\u0438\u043d\u0438 <\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0418\u0418-\u0413\u0415\u041d\u0415\u0420\u0410\u0426\u0418\u042f <\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

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\u041f\u0430\u043e\u043b\u043e \u041c\u0438\u0437\u0435\u0440\u0438\u043d\u0438<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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\n\n\n\n

\u041e \u041f\u0428\u0410\u0414\u0415<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

\u041b\u044e\u0434\u0438 \u0436\u0438\u043b\u0438 \u0432 \u0434\u043e\u043b\u0438\u043d\u0435 \u0440\u0435\u043a\u0438 \u041f\u0448\u0430\u0434\u0430 \u043e\u0447\u0435\u043d\u044c \u0434\u0430\u0432\u043d\u043e. \u041e\u0431 \u044d\u0442\u043e\u043c \u0441\u0432\u0438\u0434\u0435\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0443\u044e\u0442 \u0434\u043e\u043b\u044c\u043c\u0435\u043d\u044b<\/strong> \u2014 \u043c\u0435\u0433\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0442\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0435 \u0441\u043e\u043e\u0440\u0443\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f, \u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u044b\u0435 \u0434\u0430\u0442\u0438\u0440\u0443\u044e\u0442 III \u0442\u044b\u0441\u044f\u0447\u0435\u043b\u0435\u0442\u0438\u0435\u043c \u0434\u043e \u043d. \u044d. (\u0442\u043e \u0435\u0441\u0442\u044c \u043e\u043d\u0438 \u0440\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0441\u043d\u0438\u043a\u0438 \u0435\u0433\u0438\u043f\u0435\u0442\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0445 \u043f\u0438\u0440\u0430\u043c\u0438\u0434). \u0418\u0445 \u043d\u0430\u0445\u043e\u0434\u044f\u0442 \u043f\u043e \u043e\u0431\u043e\u0438\u043c \u0431\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0433\u0430\u043c \u0440\u0435\u043a\u0438, \u0432 \u0443\u0449\u0435\u043b\u044c\u044f\u0445 \u0438 \u043d\u0430 \u0441\u043a\u043b\u043e\u043d\u0430\u0445 \u0433\u043e\u0440. \u0423\u0447\u0451\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u0434\u043e \u0441\u0438\u0445 \u043f\u043e\u0440 \u0441\u043f\u043e\u0440\u044f\u0442, \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0447\u0435\u0433\u043e \u0438\u0445 \u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u0438\u043b\u0438: \u0435\u0441\u0442\u044c \u0432\u0435\u0440\u0441\u0438\u0438, \u0447\u0442\u043e \u044d\u0442\u043e \u043a\u0443\u043b\u044c\u0442\u043e\u0432\u044b\u0435 \u0437\u0430\u0445\u043e\u0440\u043e\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f, \u043c\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0430 \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0440\u0438\u0442\u0443\u0430\u043b\u043e\u0432 \u0438\u043b\u0438 \u0434\u0430\u0436\u0435 \u0430\u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u043d\u043e\u043c\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0435 \u043e\u0431\u0441\u0435\u0440\u0432\u0430\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0438\u0438. \u0410\u0434\u044b\u0433\u0438 \u043d\u0430\u0437\u044b\u0432\u0430\u043b\u0438 \u0434\u043e\u043b\u044c\u043c\u0435\u043d\u044b \u00ab\u0438\u0441\u043f\u0443\u043d\u00bb \u2014 \u00ab\u0434\u043e\u043c\u0438\u043a \u043a\u0430\u0440\u043b\u0438\u043a\u0430\u00bb \u0438 \u0441\u0432\u044f\u0437\u044b\u0432\u0430\u043b\u0438 \u0441 \u043b\u0435\u0433\u0435\u043d\u0434\u0430\u043c\u0438. \u041f\u043e\u0437\u0436\u0435 \u0432 \u044d\u0442\u0438\u0445 \u043c\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0445 \u0436\u0438\u043b\u0438 \u0433\u0440\u0435\u043a\u0438-\u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0441\u0435\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0446\u044b, \u0430 \u0437\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043c \u2014 \u0430\u0434\u044b\u0433\u0438 (\u0447\u0435\u0440\u043a\u0435\u0441\u044b). \u0414\u043e \u0437\u0430\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0448\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u041a\u0430\u0432\u043a\u0430\u0437\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0439 \u0432\u043e\u0439\u043d\u044b \u0437\u0434\u0435\u0441\u044c \u0441\u0443\u0449\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043b\u0438 \u0447\u0435\u0440\u043a\u0435\u0441\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0435 \u0430\u0443\u043b\u044b. vpoxod.ru +3<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u041f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u043b\u043e\u043c\u043d\u044b\u043c \u043c\u043e\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0442\u043e\u043c \u0441\u0442\u0430\u043b\u043e \u0437\u0430\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0448\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u041a\u0430\u0432\u043a\u0430\u0437\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0439 \u0432\u043e\u0439\u043d\u044b. \u0421 1 \u043c\u0430\u044f \u043f\u043e 1 \u0441\u0435\u043d\u0442\u044f\u0431\u0440\u044f 1864 \u0433\u043e\u0434\u0430 \u043d\u0430 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0435 \u043e\u0442 \u0413\u0435\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0434\u0436\u0438\u043a\u0430 \u0434\u043e \u0440\u0435\u043a\u0438 \u0422\u0443\u0430\u043f\u0441\u0435 \u043e\u0441\u043d\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043b\u0438 12 \u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0446 \u0428\u0430\u043f\u0441\u0443\u0433\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0431\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0433\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0431\u0430\u0442\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043e\u043d\u0430 \u2014 \u0432 \u0438\u0445 \u0447\u0438\u0441\u043b\u043e \u0432\u043e\u0448\u043b\u0430 \u0438 \u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0446\u0430 \u041f\u0448\u0430\u0434\u0441\u043a\u0430\u044f<\/strong>. \u041f\u0435\u0440\u0432\u044b\u043c\u0438 \u043f\u043e\u0441\u0435\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0446\u0430\u043c\u0438 \u0441\u0442\u0430\u043b\u0438 17 \u0441\u0435\u043c\u0435\u0439 \u043d\u0438\u0436\u043d\u0438\u0445 \u0447\u0438\u043d\u043e\u0432 \u0438\u0437 \u043e\u043a\u0440\u0443\u0433\u043e\u0432 \u0427\u0435\u0440\u043d\u043e\u043c\u043e\u0440\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043a\u0430\u0437\u0430\u0447\u044c\u0435\u0433\u043e \u0432\u043e\u0439\u0441\u043a\u0430 \u0438 6 \u0441\u0435\u043c\u0435\u0439 \u0436\u0435\u043d\u0430\u0442\u044b\u0445 \u0441\u043e\u043b\u0434\u0430\u0442. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0412 1870 \u0433\u043e\u0434\u0443 \u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0446\u0443 \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0432\u0435\u043b\u0438 \u0432 \u0433\u0440\u0430\u0436\u0434\u0430\u043d\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0435 \u0432\u0435\u0434\u043e\u043c\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e, \u0438 \u0435\u0451 \u0436\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u0438 \u0432\u043e\u0448\u043b\u0438 \u0432 \u0441\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432 \u043d\u0430\u0441\u0435\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0427\u0435\u0440\u043d\u043e\u043c\u043e\u0440\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043e\u043a\u0440\u0443\u0433\u0430.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0412 1887\u20131893 \u0433\u043e\u0434\u0430\u0445 \u0441\u043b\u0443\u0447\u0438\u043b\u0430\u0441\u044c \u0432\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0430\u044f \u0432\u043e\u043b\u043d\u0430 \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0441\u0435\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f. \u0412 \u0441\u0435\u043b\u043e \u043e\u0431\u0449\u0438\u043d\u0430\u043c\u0438 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0435\u0445\u0430\u043b\u0438 \u0433\u0440\u0435\u043a\u0438, \u0447\u0435\u0445\u0438, \u0430\u0440\u043c\u044f\u043d\u0435 \u0438 \u043c\u043e\u043b\u0434\u0430\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0435. \u041c\u043d\u043e\u0433\u0438\u0435 \u0438\u0437 \u043d\u0438\u0445 \u0437\u0430\u043d\u044f\u043b\u0438\u0441\u044c \u0442\u0430\u0431\u0430\u043a\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0434\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e\u043c \u0438 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0432\u0435\u0434\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435\u043c \u0432\u0438\u043d\u043e\u0433\u0440\u0430\u0434\u043d\u0438\u043a\u043e\u0432. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0412 \u043d\u0430\u0447\u0430\u043b\u0435 XX \u0432\u0435\u043a\u0430 \u0436\u0438\u0437\u043d\u044c \u0432 \u0441\u0435\u043b\u0435 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0432\u0438\u0432\u0430\u043b\u0430\u0441\u044c: \u0432 1910 \u0433\u043e\u0434\u0443 \u043e\u0442\u043a\u0440\u044b\u043b\u0438 \u041f\u0448\u0430\u0434\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0435 \u043a\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0438\u0442\u043d\u043e\u0435 \u0442\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0440\u0438\u0449\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e, \u0430 \u0432 1913-\u043c \u2014 \u0446\u0435\u0440\u043a\u043e\u0432\u043d\u043e-\u043f\u0440\u0438\u0445\u043e\u0434\u0441\u043a\u0443\u044e \u0431\u0438\u0431\u043b\u0438\u043e\u0442\u0435\u043a\u0443 (\u0441 \u0440\u0435\u043b\u0438\u0433\u0438\u043e\u0437\u043d\u043e-\u043d\u0440\u0430\u0432\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044b\u043c \u0443\u043a\u043b\u043e\u043d\u043e\u043c \u0438 \u0441\u0435\u043b\u044c\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0445\u043e\u0437\u044f\u0439\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044b\u043c \u043e\u0442\u0434\u0435\u043b\u043e\u043c). <\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0412 \u0433\u043e\u0434\u044b \u0412\u0435\u043b\u0438\u043a\u043e\u0439 \u041e\u0442\u0435\u0447\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u0432\u043e\u0439\u043d\u044b \u0432 \u041f\u0448\u0430\u0434\u0435 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u043c\u0435\u0449\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0441\u044c \u043e\u0440\u0443\u0436\u0435\u0439\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u0441\u043a\u043b\u0430\u0434\u044b \u0438 \u0433\u043e\u0441\u043f\u0438\u0442\u0430\u043b\u0438. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/a><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u041f\u043e\u0434\u0440\u043e\u0431\u043d\u0435\u0435 \u043e \u041f\u0448\u0430\u0434\u0435<\/a><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0421\u0446\u0435\u043d\u0430\u0440\u0438\u0439<\/a><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

\u0418\u0418-\u0433\u0435\u043d\u0435\u0440\u0430\u0446\u0438\u044f<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n

\u0410\u0432\u0442\u043e\u0440 – \u041a\u0440\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0438\u043d\u0430 \u041b\u0435\u0431\u0435\u0434\u0435\u0432\u0430<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/a><\/figure>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

\u0412\u0438\u0434\u0435\u043e \u041f\u0428\u0410\u0414\u0410: \u041e\u0412\u0415\u042f\u041d\u041d\u0410\u042f \u041b\u0415\u0413\u0415\u041d\u0414\u0410\u041c\u0418 \u0410\u0423\u0414\u0418\u041e – \u0413\u0418\u0414 \u041f\u041e \u041f\u0428\u0410\u0414\u0415 \u0410\u0412\u0422\u041e\u0420\u042b \u0412\u0435\u0434\u0443\u0449\u0438\u0439 – \u0421\u0430\u0432\u0432\u0430 \u0422\u0443\u0442\u044b\u043d\u0438\u043d, \u0443\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0438\u043a \u0448\u043a\u043e\u043b\u044b \u0410\u0439\u0441\u0438\u044d\u043b\u044c \u041a\u0440\u0430\u0432\u0435\u0434\u044b \u0438 \u0443\u0447\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044f: \u041e\u043b\u044c\u0433\u0430 \u041b\u044c\u0432\u043e\u0432\u043d\u0430 \u0421\u0432\u0435\u0442\u043b\u043e\u0432\u0430, \u043a\u0440\u0430\u0435\u0432\u0435\u0434 , \u0440\u0443\u043a\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0434\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c \u0448\u043a\u043e\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043c\u0443\u0437\u0435\u044f \u0441. \u0410\u0440\u0445\u0438\u043f\u043e-\u041e\u0441\u0438\u043f\u043e\u0432\u043a\u0430 \u0448\u043a\u043e\u043b\u044b \u2116 16. \u041a\u0440\u0430\u0435\u0432\u0435\u0434 \u0411\u0430\u043a\u0430\u043b\u043e\u0432\u0430 \u0421\u0432\u0435\u0442\u043b\u0430\u043d\u0430 \u0410\u043d\u0430\u0442\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0435\u0432\u043d\u0430, \u0443\u0447\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c \u0448\u043a\u043e\u043b\u044b \u2116 12, \u043a\u0440\u0430\u0435\u0432\u0435\u0434 \u0438 \u0440\u0443\u043a\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0434\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c \u0448\u043a\u043e\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043c\u0443\u0437\u0435\u044f \u0441. \u0414\u0438\u0432\u043d\u043e\u043c\u043e\u0440\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0435 \u041a\u0440\u0430\u0435\u0432\u0435\u0434 \u0428\u0430\u043c\u0430\u043a\u0438\u043d\u0430 \u0410\u043d\u0433\u0435\u043b\u0438\u043d\u0430 \u041f\u0435\u0442\u0440\u043e\u0432\u043d\u0430, \u0440\u0443\u043a\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0434\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c \u0448\u043a\u043e\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043c\u0443\u0437\u0435\u044f […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":7574,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"site-sidebar-layout":"default","site-content-layout":"","ast-site-content-layout":"default","site-content-style":"default","site-sidebar-style":"default","ast-global-header-display":"","ast-banner-title-visibility":"","ast-main-header-display":"","ast-hfb-above-header-display":"","ast-hfb-below-header-display":"","ast-hfb-mobile-header-display":"","site-post-title":"","ast-breadcrumbs-content":"","ast-featured-img":"","footer-sml-layout":"","ast-disable-related-posts":"","theme-transparent-header-meta":"","adv-header-id-meta":"","stick-header-meta":"","header-above-stick-meta":"","header-main-stick-meta":"","header-below-stick-meta":"","astra-migrate-meta-layouts":"set","ast-page-background-enabled":"default","ast-page-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-4)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center 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