{"id":7532,"date":"2026-07-25T13:46:09","date_gmt":"2026-07-25T10:46:09","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.icl-international.ru\/caucasica\/?page_id=7532"},"modified":"2026-08-03T11:28:47","modified_gmt":"2026-08-03T08:28:47","slug":"%d0%ba%d1%80%d0%b8%d0%bd%d0%b8%d1%86%d0%b0","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/www.icl-international.ru\/caucasica\/?page_id=7532","title":{"rendered":"\u041a\u0440\u0438\u043d\u0438\u0446\u0430"},"content":{"rendered":"\n
\"\"<\/a><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\u0412\u0418\u0414\u0415\u041e VK <\/a><\/h2>\n\n\n\n

\u0422\u0435\u0440\u0440\u0438\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0438\u044f \u0441\u043e\u0432\u0440\u0435\u043c\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u041a\u0440\u0438\u043d\u0438\u0446\u044b \u0431\u044b\u043b\u0430 \u0437\u0430\u0441\u0435\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0430 \u0435\u0449\u0451 \u0432 \u044d\u043f\u043e\u0445\u0443 \u043d\u0435\u043e\u043b\u0438\u0442\u0430 \u0438 \u0431\u0440\u043e\u043d\u0437\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0432\u0435\u043a\u0430. \u041e\u0431 \u044d\u0442\u043e\u043c \u0441\u0432\u0438\u0434\u0435\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0443\u044e\u0442 \u0434\u043e\u043b\u044c\u043c\u0435\u043d\u044b \u2014 \u043c\u0435\u0433\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0442\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0435 \u0441\u043e\u043e\u0440\u0443\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f, \u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u044b\u0435 \u0441\u0432\u044f\u0437\u044b\u0432\u0430\u044e\u0442 \u0441 \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u043a\u0430\u043c\u0438 \u0430\u0434\u044b\u0433\u043e\u0432. \u041e\u043d\u0438 \u0441\u043b\u0443\u0436\u0438\u043b\u0438, \u0432\u0435\u0440\u043e\u044f\u0442\u043d\u0435\u0435 \u0432\u0441\u0435\u0433\u043e, \u043f\u043e\u0433\u0440\u0435\u0431\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u043c\u0438 \u0438 \u043a\u0443\u043b\u044c\u0442\u043e\u0432\u044b\u043c\u0438 \u043e\u0431\u044a\u0435\u043a\u0442\u0430\u043c\u0438.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u041a IV\u2013II \u0432\u0435\u043a\u0430\u043c \u0434\u043e \u043d. \u044d. \u0432 \u044d\u0442\u0438\u0445 \u043c\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0445 \u0441\u0443\u0449\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043b\u043e \u0430\u043d\u0442\u0438\u0447\u043d\u043e\u0435 \u043f\u043e\u0441\u0435\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u2014 \u0440\u0435\u0433\u0438\u043e\u043d \u0430\u043a\u0442\u0438\u0432\u043d\u043e \u043e\u0441\u0432\u0430\u0438\u0432\u0430\u043b\u0441\u044f \u0433\u0440\u0435\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438\u043c\u0438 \u043a\u043e\u043b\u043e\u043d\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0430\u043c\u0438, \u0430 \u043f\u043e\u0437\u0436\u0435 \u0437\u0434\u0435\u0441\u044c \u0431\u044b\u0432\u0430\u043b\u0438 \u0438 \u0433\u0435\u043d\u0443\u044d\u0437\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0435 \u0442\u043e\u0440\u0433\u043e\u0432\u0446\u044b.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u041e\u0444\u0438\u0446\u0438\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u043c \u043d\u0430\u0447\u0430\u043b\u043e\u043c \u0438\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0438\u0438 \u0441\u043e\u0432\u0440\u0435\u043c\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043f\u043e\u0441\u0451\u043b\u043a\u0430 \u0441\u0447\u0438\u0442\u0430\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f 1886 \u0433\u043e\u0434, \u043a\u043e\u0433\u0434\u0430 \u0434\u0432\u043e\u0440\u044f\u043d\u0438\u043d \u0412\u0438\u043a\u0442\u043e\u0440 \u0412\u0430\u0441\u0438\u043b\u044c\u0435\u0432\u0438\u0447 \u0415\u0440\u043e\u043f\u043a\u0438\u043d \u043a\u0443\u043f\u0438\u043b \u0437\u0435\u043c\u043b\u044e \u0443 \u0440\u0435\u043a\u0438 \u041f\u0448\u0430\u0434\u0430 \u0438 \u043e\u0441\u043d\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043b \u0437\u0434\u0435\u0441\u044c \u043d\u0430\u0440\u043e\u0434\u043e\u0432\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0443\u044e \u043e\u0431\u0449\u0438\u043d\u0443, \u043f\u043e\u0437\u0436\u0435 \u0442\u044f\u0433\u043e\u0442\u0435\u0432\u0448\u0443\u044e \u043a \u0442\u043e\u043b\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0432\u0441\u043a\u0438\u043c \u0438\u0434\u0435\u044f\u043c. \u041d\u0430\u0437\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u00ab\u041a\u0440\u0438\u043d\u0438\u0446\u0430\u00bb \u0441\u0432\u044f\u0437\u044b\u0432\u0430\u044e\u0442 \u043a\u0430\u043a \u0440\u0430\u0437 \u0441 \u044d\u0442\u0438\u043c \u044d\u0442\u0430\u043f\u043e\u043c \u0438 \u043b\u0438\u0447\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c\u044e \u0415\u0440\u043e\u043f\u043a\u0438\u043d\u0430.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u041e\u0431\u0449\u0438\u043d\u0430 \u0437\u0430\u0434\u0443\u043c\u044b\u0432\u0430\u043b\u0430\u0441\u044c \u043a\u0430\u043a \u044d\u043a\u0441\u043f\u0435\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0442 \u043f\u043e \u00ab\u0442\u0440\u0443\u0434\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0439 \u0438 \u043d\u0440\u0430\u0432\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u0436\u0438\u0437\u043d\u0438\u00bb: \u0435\u0451 \u0443\u0447\u0430\u0441\u0442\u043d\u0438\u043a\u0438 \u0441\u0442\u0440\u0435\u043c\u0438\u043b\u0438\u0441\u044c \u0436\u0438\u0442\u044c \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044b\u043c \u0442\u0440\u0443\u0434\u043e\u043c, \u0437\u0430\u043d\u0438\u043c\u0430\u0442\u044c\u0441\u044f \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0441\u0432\u0435\u0449\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435\u043c \u0438 \u043e\u0442\u043a\u0430\u0437\u0430\u0442\u044c\u0441\u044f \u043e\u0442 \u0438\u0437\u043b\u0438\u0448\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432. \u0412 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u043d\u043e\u0435 \u0432\u0440\u0435\u043c\u044f \u043e\u0431\u0449\u0438\u043d\u0443 \u043f\u043e\u0434\u0434\u0435\u0440\u0436\u0438\u0432\u0430\u043b\u0438 \u0438\u043b\u0438 \u0441\u043e\u0447\u0443\u0432\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043b\u0438 \u0435\u0439 \u0438\u0437\u0432\u0435\u0441\u0442\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u0434\u0435\u044f\u0442\u0435\u043b\u0438, \u0432 \u0442\u043e\u043c \u0447\u0438\u0441\u043b\u0435 \u041b\u0435\u0432 \u0422\u043e\u043b\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0439 \u0438 \u0412\u043b\u0430\u0434\u0438\u043c\u0438\u0440 \u041a\u043e\u0440\u043e\u043b\u0435\u043d\u043a\u043e.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u041e\u0441\u043d\u043e\u0432\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u0437\u0430\u043d\u044f\u0442\u0438\u044f \u0447\u043b\u0435\u043d\u043e\u0432 \u043e\u0431\u0449\u0438\u043d\u044b:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0432\u0438\u043d\u043e\u0433\u0440\u0430\u0434\u0430\u0440\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e \u0438 \u0441\u0430\u0434\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0434\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e;<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0447\u0430\u0441\u0442\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u0443\u0440\u043e\u043a\u0438 \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0434\u0435\u0442\u0435\u0439 \u043e\u043a\u0440\u0435\u0441\u0442\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0436\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u0435\u0439;<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0441\u0432\u0435\u0442\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u0441\u043a\u0430\u044f \u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u0430.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u041d\u0435\u0441\u043c\u043e\u0442\u0440\u044f \u043d\u0430 \u044d\u043d\u0442\u0443\u0437\u0438\u0430\u0437\u043c, \u0445\u043e\u0437\u044f\u0439\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e \u043e\u0431\u0449\u0438\u043d\u044b \u043e\u043a\u0430\u0437\u0430\u043b\u043e\u0441\u044c \u044d\u043a\u043e\u043d\u043e\u043c\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438 \u043d\u0435\u0443\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0439\u0447\u0438\u0432\u044b\u043c, \u0438 \u043a 1920 \u0433\u043e\u0434\u0443 \u043e\u043d\u0430 \u0444\u0430\u043a\u0442\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438 \u043f\u0440\u0435\u043a\u0440\u0430\u0442\u0438\u043b\u0430 \u0441\u0443\u0449\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u043a\u0430\u043a \u0438\u0434\u0435\u0439\u043d\u043e\u0435 \u043e\u0431\u044a\u0435\u0434\u0438\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u041f\u043e\u0441\u043b\u0435 \u0440\u0435\u0432\u043e\u043b\u044e\u0446\u0438\u0438 \u043d\u0430 \u0431\u0430\u0437\u0435 \u043e\u0431\u0449\u0438\u043d\u044b \u0431\u044b\u043b\u0430 \u0441\u043e\u0437\u0434\u0430\u043d\u0430 \u043a\u043e\u043c\u043c\u0443\u043d\u0430 \u00ab\u0417\u043d\u0430\u043c\u044f \u043c\u0430\u0440\u043a\u0441\u0438\u0437\u043c\u0430\u00bb. \u041e\u0441\u043d\u043e\u0432\u043d\u043e\u0435 \u0432\u043d\u0438\u043c\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u043a\u043b\u044e\u0447\u0438\u043b\u043e\u0441\u044c \u043d\u0430 \u043a\u043e\u043b\u043b\u0435\u043a\u0442\u0438\u0432\u043d\u043e\u0435 \u0441\u0435\u043b\u044c\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0435 \u0445\u043e\u0437\u044f\u0439\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e: \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0432\u0438\u0432\u0430\u043b\u0438 \u0441\u0430\u0434\u044b, \u0432\u0438\u043d\u043e\u0433\u0440\u0430\u0434\u043d\u0438\u043a\u0438, \u043e\u0433\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0434\u043d\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0412 \u043f\u043e\u0441\u043b\u0435\u0432\u043e\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u0434\u0435\u0441\u044f\u0442\u0438\u043b\u0435\u0442\u0438\u044f \u0432 \u0440\u0435\u0433\u0438\u043e\u043d\u0435 \u043f\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043f\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e \u043d\u0430\u0447\u0430\u043b\u0430 \u0444\u043e\u0440\u043c\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0442\u044c\u0441\u044f \u043a\u0443\u0440\u043e\u0440\u0442\u043d\u0430\u044f \u0438\u043d\u0444\u0440\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0443\u043a\u0442\u0443\u0440\u0430, \u043d\u043e \u041a\u0440\u0438\u043d\u0438\u0446\u0430 \u043d\u0435 \u0441\u0442\u0430\u043b\u0430 \u043c\u0430\u0441\u0441\u043e\u0432\u044b\u043c \u043a\u0443\u0440\u043e\u0440\u0442\u043e\u043c: \u043f\u043e\u0441\u0451\u043b\u043e\u043a \u0441\u043e\u0445\u0440\u0430\u043d\u044f\u043b \u0441\u043f\u043e\u043a\u043e\u0439\u043d\u044b\u0439, \u00ab\u043a\u0430\u043c\u0435\u0440\u043d\u044b\u0439\u00bb \u0445\u0430\u0440\u0430\u043a\u0442\u0435\u0440.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/a><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\u041f\u043e\u0434\u0440\u043e\u0431\u043d\u0435\u0435 \u043e \u041a\u0440\u0438\u043d\u0438\u0446\u0435<\/a><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0421\u0446\u0435\u043d\u0430\u0440\u0438\u0439<\/a><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0418\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0435 \u043c\u0430\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0438\u0430\u043b\u044b \u0438\u0437 \u0444\u043e\u043d\u0434\u043e\u0432  <\/strong><\/a>\u0413\u043e\u0441\u043a\u0430\u0442\u0430\u043b\u043e\u0433\u0430 \u0420\u0424 \u0438 \u0410\u0440\u0445\u0438\u0432\u0430 \u0413\u0435\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0434\u0436\u0438\u043a\u0430<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/a><\/figure>\n\n\n\n
\"\"<\/a><\/figure>\n\n\n\n
\"\"<\/a><\/figure>\n\n\n\n
\"\"<\/a><\/figure>\n\n\n\n
\"\"<\/a><\/figure>\n\n\n\n
\"\"<\/a><\/figure>\n\n\n\n
\"\"<\/a><\/figure>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

\u0412\u0418\u0414\u0415\u041e VK \u0422\u0435\u0440\u0440\u0438\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0438\u044f \u0441\u043e\u0432\u0440\u0435\u043c\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u041a\u0440\u0438\u043d\u0438\u0446\u044b \u0431\u044b\u043b\u0430 \u0437\u0430\u0441\u0435\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0430 \u0435\u0449\u0451 \u0432 \u044d\u043f\u043e\u0445\u0443 \u043d\u0435\u043e\u043b\u0438\u0442\u0430 \u0438 \u0431\u0440\u043e\u043d\u0437\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0432\u0435\u043a\u0430. \u041e\u0431 \u044d\u0442\u043e\u043c \u0441\u0432\u0438\u0434\u0435\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0443\u044e\u0442 \u0434\u043e\u043b\u044c\u043c\u0435\u043d\u044b \u2014 \u043c\u0435\u0433\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0442\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0435 \u0441\u043e\u043e\u0440\u0443\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f, \u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u044b\u0435 \u0441\u0432\u044f\u0437\u044b\u0432\u0430\u044e\u0442 \u0441 \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u043a\u0430\u043c\u0438 \u0430\u0434\u044b\u0433\u043e\u0432. \u041e\u043d\u0438 \u0441\u043b\u0443\u0436\u0438\u043b\u0438, \u0432\u0435\u0440\u043e\u044f\u0442\u043d\u0435\u0435 \u0432\u0441\u0435\u0433\u043e, \u043f\u043e\u0433\u0440\u0435\u0431\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u043c\u0438 \u0438 \u043a\u0443\u043b\u044c\u0442\u043e\u0432\u044b\u043c\u0438 \u043e\u0431\u044a\u0435\u043a\u0442\u0430\u043c\u0438. \u041a IV\u2013II \u0432\u0435\u043a\u0430\u043c \u0434\u043e \u043d. \u044d. \u0432 \u044d\u0442\u0438\u0445 \u043c\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0445 \u0441\u0443\u0449\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043b\u043e \u0430\u043d\u0442\u0438\u0447\u043d\u043e\u0435 \u043f\u043e\u0441\u0435\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u2014 \u0440\u0435\u0433\u0438\u043e\u043d \u0430\u043a\u0442\u0438\u0432\u043d\u043e \u043e\u0441\u0432\u0430\u0438\u0432\u0430\u043b\u0441\u044f \u0433\u0440\u0435\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438\u043c\u0438 \u043a\u043e\u043b\u043e\u043d\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0430\u043c\u0438, \u0430 \u043f\u043e\u0437\u0436\u0435 \u0437\u0434\u0435\u0441\u044c \u0431\u044b\u0432\u0430\u043b\u0438 \u0438 \u0433\u0435\u043d\u0443\u044d\u0437\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0435 \u0442\u043e\u0440\u0433\u043e\u0432\u0446\u044b. \u041e\u0444\u0438\u0446\u0438\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u043c \u043d\u0430\u0447\u0430\u043b\u043e\u043c \u0438\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0438\u0438 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