{"id":7543,"date":"2026-07-25T13:51:15","date_gmt":"2026-07-25T10:51:15","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.icl-international.ru\/caucasica\/?page_id=7543"},"modified":"2026-08-03T11:26:37","modified_gmt":"2026-08-03T08:26:37","slug":"%d0%b4%d0%b8%d0%b2%d0%bd%d0%be%d0%bc%d0%be%d1%80%d1%81%d0%ba%d0%be%d0%b5","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/www.icl-international.ru\/caucasica\/?page_id=7543","title":{"rendered":"\u0414\u0438\u0432\u043d\u043e\u043c\u043e\u0440\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0435"},"content":{"rendered":"\n
\"\"<\/a><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\u0412\u0418\u0414\u0415\u041e VK<\/a><\/h2>\n\n\n\n

\u0415\u0449\u0451 \u0432 \u0433\u043b\u0443\u0431\u043e\u043a\u043e\u0439 \u0434\u0440\u0435\u0432\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438 \u0432 \u044d\u0442\u0438\u0445 \u043c\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0445 \u0436\u0438\u043b\u0438 \u043b\u044e\u0434\u0438. \u0412 \u043e\u043a\u0440\u0435\u0441\u0442\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044f\u0445 \u0414\u0438\u0432\u043d\u043e\u043c\u043e\u0440\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0433\u043e, \u0432 \u0447\u0430\u0441\u0442\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438 \u043d\u0430 \u0445\u0440\u0435\u0431\u0442\u0435 \u041c\u0430\u0440\u043a\u043e\u0442\u0445, \u0441\u043e\u0445\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0438\u043b\u0438\u0441\u044c\u00a0\u0434\u043e\u043b\u044c\u043c\u0435\u043d\u044b\u00a0\u2014 \u0434\u0440\u0435\u0432\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u043f\u043e\u0433\u0440\u0435\u0431\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u0438 \u043a\u0443\u043b\u044c\u0442\u043e\u0432\u044b\u0435 \u0441\u043e\u043e\u0440\u0443\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0438\u0437 \u043a\u0430\u043c\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u043f\u043b\u0438\u0442. \u0423\u0447\u0451\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u0434\u0430\u0442\u0438\u0440\u0443\u044e\u0442 \u043d\u0435\u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u044b\u0435 \u0438\u0437 \u043d\u0438\u0445 \u044d\u043f\u043e\u0445\u043e\u0439 \u0440\u0430\u043d\u043d\u0435\u0439 \u0431\u0440\u043e\u043d\u0437\u044b (\u043a\u043e\u043d\u0435\u0446 IV\u2013II \u0442\u044b\u0441\u044f\u0447\u0435\u043b\u0435\u0442\u0438\u044f \u0434\u043e \u043d. \u044d.), \u0430 \u043f\u043e\u0437\u0436\u0435 \u044d\u0442\u0438 \u0441\u043e\u043e\u0440\u0443\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0438\u0441\u043f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043b\u0438 \u0438 \u0432 \u0430\u043d\u0442\u0438\u0447\u043d\u043e\u0435 \u0432\u0440\u0435\u043c\u044f.\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0414\u043e \u0441\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0438\u043d\u044b XIX \u0432\u0435\u043a\u0430 \u043d\u0430 \u043c\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0435 \u0441\u043e\u0432\u0440\u0435\u043c\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043f\u043e\u0441\u0451\u043b\u043a\u0430 \u043d\u0430\u0445\u043e\u0434\u0438\u043b\u0441\u044f \u0447\u0435\u0440\u043a\u0435\u0441\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0439 \u0430\u0443\u043b \u041c\u0435\u0437\u044b\u0431. \u0412 \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0432\u043e\u0434\u0435 \u0441 \u0430\u0434\u044b\u0433\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0433\u043e \u044d\u0442\u043e \u0437\u043d\u0430\u0447\u0438\u0442 \u00ab\u043c\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e\u043b\u0435\u0441\u044c\u0435\u00bb. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u041f\u043e\u044f\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u043d\u0430\u0437\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f \u00ab\u0424\u0430\u043b\u044c\u0448\u0438\u0432\u044b\u0439 \u0413\u0435\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0434\u0436\u0438\u043a\u00bb<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0412 1830\u20131840-\u0435 \u0433\u043e\u0434\u044b, \u0432\u043e \u0432\u0440\u0435\u043c\u044f \u041a\u0430\u0432\u043a\u0430\u0437\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0439 \u0432\u043e\u0439\u043d\u044b, \u0437\u0430 \u043f\u043e\u0441\u0435\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435\u043c \u0437\u0430\u043a\u0440\u0435\u043f\u0438\u043b\u043e\u0441\u044c \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0437\u0432\u0438\u0449\u0435 \u00ab\u0424\u0430\u043b\u044c\u0448\u0438\u0432\u044b\u0439 \u0413\u0435\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0434\u0436\u0438\u043a\u00bb. \u0414\u0435\u043b\u043e \u0432 \u0442\u043e\u043c, \u0447\u0442\u043e \u043e\u0447\u0435\u0440\u0442\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f \u043c\u0435\u0441\u0442\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u0431\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0433\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0439 \u043b\u0438\u043d\u0438\u0438 \u0441\u0438\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e \u043d\u0430\u043f\u043e\u043c\u0438\u043d\u0430\u043b\u0438 \u0413\u0435\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0434\u0436\u0438\u043a\u0441\u043a\u0443\u044e \u0431\u0443\u0445\u0442\u0443. \u041f\u043e \u043b\u0435\u0433\u0435\u043d\u0434\u0435, \u043c\u043e\u0440\u044f\u043a\u0438 \u0432 \u0442\u0435\u043c\u043d\u043e\u0442\u0435 \u0432\u0438\u0434\u0435\u043b\u0438 \u0442\u0443\u0441\u043a\u043b\u044b\u0435 \u043e\u0433\u043d\u0438 \u0438 \u043f\u043e \u043e\u0448\u0438\u0431\u043a\u0435 \u0437\u0430\u0445\u043e\u0434\u0438\u043b\u0438 \u0441\u044e\u0434\u0430 \u0432\u043c\u0435\u0441\u0442\u043e \u043d\u0430\u0441\u0442\u043e\u044f\u0449\u0435\u0439 \u0431\u0443\u0445\u0442\u044b. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0415\u0441\u0442\u044c \u0438 \u0432\u043e\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u044d\u043f\u0438\u0437\u043e\u0434, \u0441\u0432\u044f\u0437\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u0441 \u044d\u0442\u0438\u043c \u00ab\u043e\u0431\u043c\u0430\u043d\u043e\u043c\u00bb. \u0412\u043e \u0432\u0440\u0435\u043c\u044f \u0440\u0443\u0441\u0441\u043a\u043e-\u0442\u0443\u0440\u0435\u0446\u043a\u043e\u0439 \u0432\u043e\u0439\u043d\u044b \u0440\u0443\u0441\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0435 \u043c\u043e\u0440\u044f\u043a\u0438 \u0440\u0430\u0441\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u0438\u043b\u0438 \u0432 \u041c\u0435\u0437\u044b\u0431\u0438 \u043e\u0433\u043d\u0438 \u0438 \u0431\u0443\u0442\u0430\u0444\u043e\u0440\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0435 \u043a\u043e\u0440\u0430\u0431\u043b\u0438, \u0447\u0442\u043e\u0431\u044b \u0438\u043c\u0438\u0442\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0442\u044c \u0413\u0435\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0434\u0436\u0438\u043a\u0441\u043a\u0443\u044e \u0431\u0443\u0445\u0442\u0443. \u0422\u0443\u0440\u043a\u0438 \u043f\u043e\u0432\u0435\u043b\u0438\u0441\u044c \u043d\u0430 \u0443\u043b\u043e\u0432\u043a\u0443, \u043d\u0430\u0447\u0430\u043b\u0438 \u043e\u0431\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0435\u043b\u0438\u0432\u0430\u0442\u044c \u0431\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0433, \u0430 \u0432 \u044d\u0442\u043e \u0432\u0440\u0435\u043c\u044f \u0440\u0443\u0441\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0439 \u0444\u043b\u043e\u0442 \u0432\u044b\u0448\u0435\u043b \u0438\u0437 \u043d\u0430\u0441\u0442\u043e\u044f\u0449\u0435\u0439 \u0431\u0443\u0445\u0442\u044b \u0438 \u0437\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0430\u043b \u0432\u0440\u0430\u0433\u0430 \u0432\u0440\u0430\u0441\u043f\u043b\u043e\u0445. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u041e\u0444\u0438\u0446\u0438\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e \u043d\u0430\u0437\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u00ab\u0424\u0430\u043b\u044c\u0448\u0438\u0432\u044b\u0439 \u0413\u0435\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0434\u0436\u0438\u043a\u00bb \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0441\u0443\u0449\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043b\u043e \u0431\u043e\u043b\u0435\u0435 \u0441\u0442\u0430 \u043b\u0435\u0442. \u041f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0438\u043c\u0435\u043d\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043b\u0438 \u043f\u043e\u0441\u0435\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0432 \u0414\u0438\u0432\u043d\u043e\u043c\u043e\u0440\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0435 \u0442\u043e\u043b\u044c\u043a\u043e \u0432 1964 \u0433\u043e\u0434\u0443 \u2014 \u043f\u043e \u0436\u0435\u043b\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044e \u0436\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u0435\u0439, \u0434\u0430\u0436\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0435\u043b\u0438 \u043a\u043e\u043d\u043a\u0443\u0440\u0441 \u043d\u0430 \u043b\u0443\u0447\u0448\u0435\u0435 \u043d\u0430\u0437\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

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\u0412 \u0434\u043e\u0440\u0435\u0432\u043e\u043b\u044e\u0446\u0438\u043e\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u0433\u043e\u0434\u044b \u0432 \u043e\u043a\u0440\u0435\u0441\u0442\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044f\u0445 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0432\u0438\u0432\u0430\u043b\u043e\u0441\u044c \u0438 \u0441\u0435\u043b\u044c\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0435 \u0445\u043e\u0437\u044f\u0439\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e. \u041d\u0430\u043f\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0435\u0440, \u043d\u0430 \u0433\u043e\u0440\u0435, \u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0430\u044f \u043f\u043e\u0437\u0436\u0435 \u043f\u043e\u043b\u0443\u0447\u0438\u043b\u0430 \u043d\u0430\u0437\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0423\u0441\u043e\u0432\u043e, \u0431\u044b\u043b\u0438 \u043e\u0431\u0448\u0438\u0440\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u0432\u0438\u043d\u043e\u0433\u0440\u0430\u0434\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u043f\u043b\u0430\u043d\u0442\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0438 \u041f\u043e\u043f\u043e\u0432\u0430 \u0441 \u0432\u0438\u043d\u0437\u0430\u0432\u043e\u0434\u043e\u043c. \u041f\u043e\u0437\u0436\u0435 \u0432\u043b\u0430\u0434\u0435\u043b\u0435\u0446 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0434\u0430\u043b \u0438\u0445 \u0433\u0435\u043d\u0435\u0440\u0430\u043b\u0443 \u0423\u0441\u043e\u0432\u0443, \u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u044b\u0439 \u044d\u043c\u0438\u0433\u0440\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043b \u0432\u043e \u0432\u0440\u0435\u043c\u044f \u0413\u0440\u0430\u0436\u0434\u0430\u043d\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0439 \u0432\u043e\u0439\u043d\u044b. \u041d\u0430 \u0432\u043e\u0437\u0432\u044b\u0448\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438 \u00ab\u041e\u0441\u043b\u0430\u043d\u043e\u0432\u0430\u044f\u00bb (\u043f\u043e \u0444\u0430\u043c\u0438\u043b\u0438\u0438 \u0432\u043b\u0430\u0434\u0435\u043b\u044c\u0446\u0430 \u2014 \u0433\u0435\u043d\u0435\u0440\u0430\u043b\u0430 \u0412\u043b\u0430\u0434\u0438\u043c\u0438\u0440\u0430 \u041e\u0441\u043b\u0430\u043d\u043e\u0432\u0430) \u0442\u043e\u0436\u0435 \u0441\u0442\u043e\u044f\u043b\u0430 \u0434\u0430\u0447\u0430. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u041f\u043e\u0441\u043b\u0435 \u0441\u043e\u0431\u044b\u0442\u0438\u0439 1917 \u0433\u043e\u0434\u0430 \u043a\u0443\u0440\u043e\u0440\u0442\u043d\u043e\u0435 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0432\u0438\u0442\u0438\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u043e\u0432\u0438\u043b\u043e\u0441\u044c: \u0432\u043b\u0430\u0434\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u043f\u043e\u043c\u0435\u0449\u0438\u043a\u043e\u0432 \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0448\u043b\u0438 \u0432 \u043d\u0430\u0440\u043e\u0434\u043d\u0443\u044e \u0441\u043e\u0431\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c, \u0447\u0430\u0441\u0442\u044c \u0431\u044b\u0432\u0448\u0438\u0445 \u0432\u043b\u0430\u0434\u0435\u043b\u044c\u0446\u0435\u0432 \u0431\u044b\u043b\u0430 \u0440\u0435\u043f\u0440\u0435\u0441\u0441\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0430. \u0412 \u0441\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0442\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0435 \u0433\u043e\u0434\u044b \u0431\u044b\u0432\u0448\u0438\u0435 \u0434\u0430\u0447\u0438 \u0441\u0442\u0430\u043b\u0438 \u0437\u0434\u0440\u0430\u0432\u043d\u0438\u0446\u0430\u043c\u0438, \u0430 \u0432\u0438\u043d\u043e\u0433\u0440\u0430\u0434\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u043f\u043b\u0430\u043d\u0442\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0438 \u0423\u0441\u043e\u0432\u0430 \u0438 \u041e\u0441\u043b\u0430\u043d\u043e\u0432\u0430 \u0432\u043e\u0448\u043b\u0438 \u0432 \u0441\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432 \u043f\u043b\u043e\u0434\u043e\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0449\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0441\u043e\u0432\u0445\u043e\u0437\u0430 \u00ab\u0414\u0438\u0432\u043d\u043e\u043c\u043e\u0440\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0439\u00bb. \u041f\u043e\u0441\u043b\u0435 \u0440\u0430\u0441\u043f\u0430\u0434\u0430 \u0421\u0421\u0421\u0420 \u0437\u0435\u043c\u043b\u044e \u0441\u0442\u0430\u043b\u0438 \u0440\u0430\u0441\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0434\u0430\u0432\u0430\u0442\u044c \u043f\u043e\u0434 \u0447\u0430\u0441\u0442\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u0434\u0430\u0447\u0438 \u0438 \u0433\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438\u043d\u0438\u0446\u044b. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

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\"\"<\/a><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

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\u0421\u0446\u0435\u043d\u0430\u0440\u0438\u0439<\/a><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

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\u0418\u0418-\u0433\u0435\u043d\u0435\u0440\u0430\u0446\u0438\u044f<\/h2>\n\n\n\n
\"\"<\/a><\/figure>\n\n\n\n
\"\"<\/a><\/figure>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

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